Wine grapes . For detailed information onorigin of the variety available . From ancient times Chardonnay was distributed in France, Burgundy and Champagne, also cultivated in Germany, Switzerland, Hungary, USA . The morphological features and biological properties Chardonnay relates to ecological-geographic group of Western European grape varieties . By the varietal Pinot group relationsdoes not matter . Crown younger escape grade light green with pinkish spots . The first young leaves are light green with a grayish tinge, later light green with a golden hue, gradually turning into green with a bronze tint . pubescence average, educated long white hairs mixed up . Annuals vyzrevshy escapebrown, almost nodes are not allocated . Leaf of medium size, rounded, almost solid, with outlined five blades, bent down edges . The top notch mainly in the form of the incoming angle, rarely open, pinnatipartite, with nearly parallel sides, lower hardly planned or absent . Cherenkov open recess,or lancet arch, often bordered veins . The teeth on the ends of the blades triangular . Marginal teeth triangular, convex-sided, non-uniform . pubescence the lower surface of the leaf is very weak, formed a long white hairs tangled or missing . On the subtle veins bristles . Chardonnay bisexual flower . Bunchthe average value (length of 11 - 13, width 8 - 10 cm), cylinder-conical, dense, medium-density and loose as a result of the strong shedding of the ovaries . Leg clusters short, lignified . Mass clusters 90 - 95 g . Berry medium size (diameter of 12 - 16 mm), rounded and slightly oval, greenish-white with a golden hue on the sunny side, coveredwaxy coating and small brown dots . The average weight of 100 berries 130 g . The skin is thin, tough . The flesh is juicy, with a pleasant varietal aroma . seeds in the berry 2 - 3 . Leading signs Chardonnay: solid, rough wrinkled leaves petiolate notch bordered veins, medium-sized, conical and helical-bevel,varying density clusters; round greenish-white berries with thin skin . seedlings are semi-spreading shoots . The tops of their light green, pubescent . Leaves undivided . Cherenkov recess lancet . Internode shoots and petioles short . autumn coloring Leaf Chardonnay lemon-yellow . The vegetation period . From bloomingkidneys before the technical maturity of the grapes takes place 138 - 140 days for a sum of active temperatures 2700 - 2800 ° C . ripening occurs in Odessa at the end of September . Annual shoots ripen well (90%) . Chardonnay easily grows and ripens almost everywhere, except in extreme extremities of the range wine (early ovary exposed himthe risk of spring frost) . Yield . Chardonnay - a variety with low productivity . fruits-bearing shoots, about 40% . The number of inflorescences developed, escape to 1.1, in the fruitful 1.4 - 1.7 . Grade able to develop shoots with 2 - 3 clusters and form harvest on shoots of developing renal replacement . Resistance . Chardonnay and mildewpowdery mildew . In rainy weather berries rot . It belongs to a group of relatively frost and drought-resistant varieties . bud celebrated early, so there may be damage to the shoots spring frosts . When clogged plantations negative clones there is a significant shedding of ovaries degeneration and berries . Features farming . Chardonnay grows well and develops on different soils, but the best result for quality wines gives on clay-calcareous, stony . When planting vineyards preference is given to the western slopes of the sublime or flat areas . Condensed with the crown of vines and their overload shoots avoided . When pruningarrows left 10 - 12 holes . On the vines should be four fruiting units . In the zone is not a covering and conditionally harboring viticulture bushes form with a bole height of 70 - 120 cm with a free dangling green shoots . Technological Feature Chardonnay . Composition of the bunch,% juice - 74.1, combs - 2.9, peel and dense parts of the flesh - 20.1,Seeds - 2.9 . Sugar juice reached 18 - 22.9 g / 100 ml, pH 11.6 - 8.2 g / l . In the world today, there are many varieties of clones having different characteristics, in accordance with all kinds of requirements of growers and winemakers . From Chardonnay also prepare high quality white table wine with fruity tones (apple, lemon,Citrus) . Aged in oak barrels gives the wines from Chardonnay tones of vanilla, "smoke", oak . It is used as a sort-improver for the production of sparkling wine . pureness sparkling wine stocks have a fine bouquet, light, fresh and very harmonious taste . Champagne the best brands in Champagne in France is made from a blendwine varieties Chardonnay and Pinot Noir . Chardonnay is the most popular wine grape in the world, perhaps, because (as opposed to, for example, from Riesling) that does not have its own, especially strong bouquet . However, he obeys the will of the winemaker, equally easily converted into a champagne and sweet wines; moves cold fermentation andstorage of fruits, enabling you to create something like a Chablis; malic and lactic fermentation, mixing sludge and aged in barrels (which could lead to a certain leveling quality) . In Australia and New Zealand using cold fermentation of Chardonnay make dry wines with high grade siliceous aroma .

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