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- Hygiene measures .
- Technological measures
- About mushrooms
- Biological and physiological characteristics of mushroom
- Use of ventilation
- Coating coating material
- Culture stationary shelves
- Fruiting period
- Period of fruit
- Sprouting mycelium mass of the substrate (tunnel) .
- The period of growth fruiting bodies
- The period of mycelial growth in the substrate
- The period of mycelial growth in the substrate and coating materials
- Classification
- Species of mushrooms
- Composition of coating material
- Preparation of coating material
- Requirements for coating materials
- Ink mushroom
- Materials for the preparation of the substrate .
- Preparation of semi-synthetic and synthetic substrates .
- Short composting method
- Substrate (compost)
- The classic method of preparation of the substrate, or spontaneous fermentation .
- The need for raw materials for the preparation of the substrate .
- Coating material
- Growing
- Landing
- Adapted premises
- Basic requirements for cultivation facilities
- Camera mushroom cultivation
- Possibility for pasteurization and germination substrate mycelium weight
- Possibility for pasteurization of substrate mycelium and germination in containers .
- Special buildings
- Vegetable greenhouses, the potato and vegetable store, refrigerators .
- Filling Container
- Filling cultivation premises substrate
- Filling stationary racks
- Champignon standard
- Harvesting
- Mushrooms non-standard
- Storage mushrooms
- Air
- Pasteurization
- Pasteurization substrate in the classical way .
- Pasteurization substrate in weight
- Period C
- Preparation of cultivation space
- Tips for the organization of production
- Bacterial diseases
- Deformation and deflection of the fruiting bodies of non-parasitic nature
- High yields
- Illness
- PESTS champignons
- Viral infection .
- General
- Method of reproduction
- Common
- Humidity
- Light
- Temperature
- Comparative characteristics of mushroom cultivation systems ,
- Growing
- Guilds cooking
- Mechanization of labor-intensive processes in the shop preparing the coating material .
- Mechanization of labor-intensive processes in the shop preparing the substrate .
- Preparation of substrate
- Workshop preparation of the coating material
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BREEDING
Comparative characteristics of mushroom cultivation systems ,
Performance | One zone system | Multi-zone system |
Investments | The high cost of construction, as each chamber must have good thermal insulation and moisture-and the necessary equipment to create the conditions of the substrate pasteurization at 60 ° C . At the same time, good thermal insulation allows to maintain the required temperature and humidity for growing mushrooms in summer | Easier execution chambers cultivation and lower the cost of construction, but the high cost of mechanization . A small insulation chambers cultivation hinders heat treatment chamber at the end of the turnover of culture, as well as maintaining the desired temperature and high humidity in the summer |
Expansion of production | With centralized preparation of the substrate is possible to start production from 3 - 6 cells growing with the gradual expansion of a mushroom, as a working unit is growing every camera . In the centralized supply of substrate cost effective and small production | The smallest unit of work is a mushroom from 4 cameras pasteurization and germination and mycelium growing 8 cameras . The expansion is only possible by doubling the size of the mushroom |
RPM culture cultivation site | RPM growing culture chamber is limited, since each camera back for 3 weeks occupied pasteurization preparation processes and germination substrate mycelium . When cultivation in conjunction with pasteurization stationary racks substrate mycelium and germination speed bulk culture is the same, as inmultizone system | Chambers growing exploited as much as possible, as the preparatory processes are carried out in other areas . The speed of the culture reaches 5.8 - 6.5, while reducing the period of fruiting speed increases significantly |
Mechanization | The use of a two-rack-mount racks and grids of synthetic material allows to mechanize all labor-intensive operations . When using single-shelf racks have difficulty mechanization application phase of the coating material and harvest | Requires repeated movement of containers in the process, which is performed Electric . Filling the substrate mycelium sowing, Coating coating material is carried out on the production line, but requires special facilities for its installation . Harvesting can be done on-line, for the installation whichalso need additional space. removal of spent substrate from containers mechanized |
Heating and insulation | Each cell cultivation is necessary to consistently create and maintain a temperature of 60, 25, 16 ° C, so you need a good thermal insulation walling for cameras growing and sophisticated equipment that provides control and maintenance of microclimate parameters | High temperature (60, then 25 ° C) is required only in the cells of the substrate pasteurization, so they need a very good thermal insulation walling . In the rest of the premises should be established at 25 and 16 ° C, and therefore the requirements for thermal insulation of these space below |
Air conditioning | To create the necessary microclimate parameters requires sophisticated equipment, and complicated system of automatic control parameters of micro- | A slight drop in temperature facilitates the production of equipment for air conditioning and automatic control |
Disinfection | Climate . The equipment of automatic control means must be out of their cells growing Pasteurization high temperature substrate is carried out in each chamber during each revolution of culture . The possibility of infection is negligible, as the culture of the entire substrate cultivation period is indoors . Processing chambers steamAfter turnover culture - an effective tool to combat pests and diseases, including viral | Microclimate parameters . The equipment can be installed in place of cultivation The need to repeatedly move the containers over a period of growing culture increases the possibility of infection . Disinfection chambers at the end of a turn culture generally carried out by chemical means, that for some types of diseases and pests are not alwayshighly |
The intensity of labor | Less than the intensity of labor, as all manufacturing operations are carried out in the same place . Larger sizes ridges facilitate the performance of individual process steps | Very high labor intensity in connection with multiple moving containers for growing . Also, work in the feet containers care culture and harvest more laborious than in stationary racks |
Organization of production | Plan of Operation mushroom can be very strict, so the organization performing industrial processes not difficult . Workplace and the amount of work in each cell are determined by the operating plan mushroom . Time of technological operations are not limited by the use of other cultivation areas . There isopportunity to improve the quality of regulation length substrate conditioning | You need a very good organization of work, since the period of exploitation of some premises is defined and limited by the use of other cultivation areas . Improving the quality of the substrate by extending the period of conditioning is almost impossible, since it leads to a violation of the plan of operation, unstable occupancy |
Table of contents
- About mushroom
- Classification, morphological and biological features of mushrooms
- Requirements mushrooms to environmental conditions .
- Power Features
- Reproduction
- SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BREEDING
-
Cultivation structures
- Basic requirements for cultivation facilities
- Adapted premises
- Vegetable greenhouses, the potato and vegetable store, refrigerators .
- Special buildings
- Camera mushroom cultivation
- Possibility for pasteurization of substrate mycelium and germination in containers .
- Possibility for pasteurization and germination substrate mycelium weight
- Workshops COOKING substrate and coating material
- CLIMATE cultivation premises
- Composition and method of preparation of substrate
- Filled with substrate cultivation premises
- PASTEURIZATION substrate and conditioning period
- Cultivation and planting mycelium
- Coating material
- Care for the culture
- Harvest and in storage champignons
- PREPARATION cultivation ROOM FOR NEW TRAFFIC CULTURE
- Pest and disease
- Competitors champignons
- A set of protective and preventive measures
- PRODUCTION ORGANIZATION champignons
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