REPRODUCTION OF GRAPES

The success of breeding and cultivation of grapes in industrial plantations on the plot * and in the collective garden depends primarily on the proper selection of varieties, biological features which must conform to local growing conditions and the quality of planting material (30 - 33, 35, 44, 77, 81 ) .

Non-grafted and grafted seedlings harvested from fertile, healthy and well-developed shrubs, mostly grown ingrape shkolke .

Selection of vines for breeding new varieties of grapes securities need to be addressed in advance . For example, in August, it should be noted the most productive oil paint and bush varieties developed,selected for reproduction . During their examination to select more productive shoots, which will be procured at a scrap, and mark them with paint at the bottom of a bunch of (48, 77) .

Usually in late March cuttings are removed from thestore and check how they wintered. If you press the back of the knife to the edge of a fresh slice serves moisture layer under the bark has a bright green color, and a longitudinal section of the green cones eye visible embryonic shoots, the cuttings are well preserved .

For growing own-rooted seedlings lower sections on the handle make a knot, and the upper - 1.5 - 2 cm above the eye . The length of a piece of land,intended for the cultivation of grape seedlings leave about 40 - 45 cm . The cut so cuttings Bevel: hold the lower part of the stalk (about 10 - 15 cm from the edge) across the saw-nezhovki . It promotes better callus formation and rooting . After updating sections and furrowing cuttings set lower ends in a bowlwith water and soaked for two days .

The use of new grape varieties with increased resistance to phylloxera (Asma Magaracha Nimrang Magaracha other) allows them to grow on their own roots and infected zone this pest . Usually before planting in the ground cuttings kilchuyut (way to accelerate the formation of root primordia at the lower ends of the cuttings by heating them) (preplant preparation of cuttings and seedlings of grapes, which facilitates the formation of the root system to them), that is, they create an environment in which the lower ends are at highertemperature than the top .

Picking up the cuttings of the scion and the rootstock of the same thickness, vaccination can make an obliquecut the tongue, an oblique cut wooden stud (length of 25 - 30 mm and a thickness of 2 - 3 mm) or cleft graft . More precisely determine the thickness of the cutting, you can use a template made of tin (Fig. 1) .

Stratification, vaccinations grapes at which the callus in places adhesions scion with the stock, usually carried out under ambient conditions . Vaccinations length of 40 - 45 cm with one intended for graft placed in the eyeplastic bag heels down their steamed interbedded with sawdust and a bag tied . Stratification lasts about three - four weeks .

For these purposes should also prepare the ground structure and add to it a little sifted organic fertilizer, sand and sawdust . All this mass of mix thoroughly and moisturize .

In the context of the Mykolaiv region stratification vaccination in packages can start at the beginning of March . After 50 days Ha cuttings formed roots reach a length of 5 - 8 cm . By (the third decade of April) box with vaccination can be set on the "sun to harden and in early May to plant grafting in school-ku, it is best totwo rows . For this fall or early spring in place a piece of land intended for the cultivation of grape seedlings need to make the pass land width of 60 cm and! 50 cm deep, make fertilizer before planting dig a ditch width and depth of about 30 cm . Along one of the walls to establish packets vaccine at 5 - 6 cm from onethe other edges of plastic bags cut . In the same way to install packages from the vaccine and the other along the wall of the ditch . sprinkling paketg-ground, cutting the film's bags carefully removed without damaging the roots, rows of rollers make watering . In continue to maintain normal soil moisture in shkolke (plot of land on whichseedlings grown from cuttings) (plot of land on which plants are grown from cuttings) during the summer .

If the vineyard has already developed bushes phylloxera resistant varieties (eg, Nistru, MemoryVerderevsky, Jubilee Magaracha and others) to be propagated, the own-rooted seedlings can be grown by offshoot . Putting aside the soil near the bush vine ripened arc spring or green shoot in the summer, you can grow strong enough seedling . A horizontally deferred vines You can get 5 - 6 own-rootedseedlings .

In the presence of the vineyard uterine bushes rootstock varieties, such as Riparia Hrupestris 101-14,offshoot method you can use for growing grapes grafted seedlings .

This combined vaccination carried out as follows. Choose green shoot rootstock from 8 - 9 leaflets and thickness of the sixth internode from the top, as the thickness of the prepared cuttings . Somewhat lowerthe middle of the internode escape cut off, remove it stepchildren, tendrils, inflorescences, and the top sheet . Plant a one-way cutting ocellar cleft graft . Place spikes tied with tape . On vaccinated put a plastic bag length of 20 cm and a width of 5 see (made using electro-soldering) and fasten it below the spikes . Three weeks later, when the vaccine will begin to grow, remove the plastic insulator .

Well remain viable harvested green cuttings, if their lower ends inserted into the punched nail inpotato tubers nest and store prior to vaccination in a cool place .

Budding produced in this way . Retreated to 1.5 cm below the eye to escape the stock, make a small incision bark and wood of the depth of about 2 mm at an angle of 45 ° to the axis of the shoot . Then the knife movement from point 1 - 1.5 cm above the eye to make the cutremove the panel thickness of 1.5 - 2 cm . The same magnitude remove shield on the handle of the scion, insert it into the prepared cutout on the shoot rootstock grafting place tie with a narrow strip of adhesive tape (Fig. 5) . At the end of October vines are cut with vaccinations and harvest are grafted cuttings standard length . The cuttings are placed in winter storage,and before planting perpetuate .

Using nylon thread, sew polyethylenesmall bags film (about 30 cm, width of 14 - 15 cm), to fill them in a mixture of black soil with a small amount of superphosphate fertilizers and then laid adjacent to one another in a box . Earth in bags with a thin layer of sawdust . Dvuhglaz-kovye cuttings length of 18 - 20 cm pre-soak for days in a 0.02% solution of humatesodium or water at room temperature, dry air, the top covered with wax, including the upper eye and planted in mid-November and one in the bags, leaving the top open eyes . The box with the cuttings put near the window heated room, cover it with foil , land in the bags periodically moderately moisturize . In the thirdweek of December, when the period of dormancy organic kidney comes to an end, cuttings begins vegetation . In this phase of bud break coincides with the beginning of the emergence of roots . In the later stages of planting the cuttings begin to develop until rooting creates a gap between the development of the root system and green shoots .